Editorial
Volume 3 Issue 9
Bichectomy (Buccal Fat Pad Reduction) and Your Implications
Rafaela Rodrigues Cavalcanti and Irineu Gregnanin Pedron
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Nowadays, dental and facial aesthetics are increasing and the
demand for patients and dental surgeons is increasing. Several
clinical and surgical procedures are part of the hall of the current
dental specialty known as Orofacial Harmonization. Procedures
and techniques such as application of botulinum toxin and facial
fillers (hyaluronic acid); facial lifting (polydioxanone thread); autologous
blood derivates; percutaneous collagen inducers (micro
needling); hormonal regulation; biophotonic procedures and/or
laser therapy; facial lipoplasty, by chemical, physical or mechanical
techniques; bichectomy (surgical technique of removal of the
adipose body of Bichat); and surgical techniques for lip correction
(liplifting) are included in this new dental specialty.
Research Article
Volume 3 Issue 9
The Importance of Pressure Measurement in Orthognathic Surgery
Fernando Duarte, João Neves Silva, Colin Hopper and Nigel Hunt
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Orthodontic and surgical technical advances in recent years have resulted in treatment opportunities for a whole range of
craniofacial skeletal disorders either in the adolescent or adult patients.
Pressure is a critical variable in many converting operations. Despite its importance, pressure often receives very scant attention.
Pressurex® (SPL - Sensor Products LLC, USA) is a pressure indicating sensor film that reveals pressure distribution and magnitude
between any two contacting, mating or impacting surfaces.
This pilot investigation was designed to apply several, newly developed and more sophisticated methods of measuring muscle
structure and function to a situation where adaptation of muscle is pivotal to the success of a therapeutic approach.
Patients attending the combined orthodontic/orthognathic surgery clinic at the Clitrofa - Centro Médico, Dentário e Cirúrgico, in
Trofa - Portugal were tested according to the following protocol: The Pressure Sensor Film System was placed between the upper and
lower dental arch and the subjects were instructed to bite as forcefully as possible for about 3 seconds. The values were registered
(T0) and the procedure was repeated after 10 minutes (T1), and after 1 month (T2). In the proposed repeatability test, the occlusal
pressure was measured for 30 consecutive patients twice by two different observers.
Keywords: Orthognathic Surgery; Masseter Muscle; Pressure Measurement, Pressurex®
Research Article
Volume 3 Issue 9
Examination of Enzymatic Concentration of MMP20 and KLK4 in Serum
and Saliva of Children Ages 0 - 5 Years
Hassan Jomana, Bshara Mansour, Amir Hanut, Ornit Cohen and Zilberman Uri
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Purpose: To analyze the concentration of two proteases, MMP20 and KLK4 in the serum and saliva of children 0 - 5 years old, in order
to correlate between the proteases concentration and MIH appearance.
Methods: 1 ml of serum was collected from 500 children hospitalized for common childhood diseases. Saliva was collected from a
different sample of 100 children. The concentration of KLK4 and MMP20 was determined using the ELISA method using testing kits.
Results: The concentration of KLK4 in the serum was between 0.26 - 53.76 ng/ml (mean 8.69 ng/ml) and in the saliva between 0.1 -
27.9 ng/ml (mean 1.01 ng/ml). The concentration of MMP20 in the serum was between 0.30 - 198.62 ng/ml (mean 31.62 ng/ml) and
in the saliva between 0.32 - 29.81 ng/ml (mean 3.72 ng/ml). In the serum and saliva, girls showed statistically higher concentration
of MMP20 in comparison with boys. In the saliva only, girls showed higher concentrations of KLK4 with statistical significance. The
concentration of MMP20 in the young group < 24 months was reduced.
Conclusion: The reduced concentration of MMP20 in boys age < 24 months may explain the clinical finding that only two thirds of
the crown is affected by MIH. The finding that the concentration of MMP20 in girls is higher compared to boys may explain the lower
prevalence of MIH in girls, in the same regional community.
Keywords: Amelogenesis; MMP20; KLK4; Amelogenin; Enamelin
Research Article
Volume 3 Issue 9
Zygomycosis: Management in Maxillofacial Surgery, XXI Century National Medical Center (IMSS)
Juárez-Rebollar Alejandra Giselle, Hernandez-Miranda Abel, Juárez-Rebollar Daniel and Juárez-Paredes Celso
Marcelo
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Zygomycosis or mucormycosis is a low incidence disease, with few reports in Maxillofacial Surgery worldwide. It is an infection
caused by fungi of the mucoral order, they are generally acquired by the respiratory route since the spores are found in the
environment. Most of the patients with mucormycosis are immunocompromised, so they can present with severe symptoms that
could have a fatal outcome. Regardless of the location, predisposing factors must be identified and corrected or attenuated to avoid
their progress, complication or torpid evolution. A retrospective study performed at the Maxillofacial Surgery (CMF) service of the
Dr. Bernardo Sepúlveda Gutiérrez, Specialties Hospital, XXI Century, IMSS is presented. For a period of 6 years (from January 2014 to
January 2020). Reporting the results of the management given to patients diagnosed as Mucormycosis by medical-surgical treatment,
with amphotericin B and surgical resection by the Maxillofacial Surgery service, XXI Century National Medical Center (IMSS).
Keywords: Zygomycosis; Mucormycosis; Amphotericin B; Margins; Resection
Review Article
Volume 3 Issue 9
The Important Considerations and the Clinical Assessment Proceeding
Crown Lengthening Surgery: Revisited Review
Rajaa Abdullah Albugami, Alhassan M Ajeebi and Salah Nasser Alokaili
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Crown lengthening Surgery (CLS) is the most common periodontal surgical procedure. In this review, we aimed to emphasize on
important considerations proceeding CLS such as: biological width, tissue phenotype, root furcation and timeframe before definitive
restoration. In addition, to spotlight on the pre-surgical clinical assessment; tooth width to-height proportionate, smile line, altered
passive eruption (APE)diagnosis, tissue phenotype, amount of keratinized gingiva (KG).
Keywords: Crown Lengthening Surgery (CLS); Short Clinical Crown (SCC); Altered Passive Eruption (APE); Gingival Phenotype (GP);
Keratinized Gingiva (KG)
Research Article
Volume 3 Issue 9
The Impact of Open and Closed Sinus Lift Procedures on Osseo Integration of Delayed
and Immediately Placed Dental Implants: A Retrospective Study
Anum Khan, Kamran Khan, Kiran Khan, Rida Iqbal and Fareeha Khan
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Introduction: Success of dental implants is attributed to several factors, including adequate bone quality and quantity. Sinus lift
procedures can provide sufficient bone to accommodate dental implants in an atrophic maxilla, aiding in successful Osseo integration.
Aim: The aim of this study was to 1) evaluate the credibility of sinus lift procedures, 2) compare the success of dental implants placed
after a closed vs. open sinus lift procedure and 3) the success of immediate vs. delayed placement of dental implants.
Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was carried out at Islamic International Dental College and Hospital and Park Road
practice, Islamabad, Pakistan. The sample size of this research comprised of a total of 58 implants in 35 consecutive patients. Bilateral
or unilateral Sinus lift procedures were carried out using an open or closed technique, with delayed or immediately placed implants.
Osseo integration outcome (success or failure) was evaluated in all the cases.
Results: 93% of the Sinus lift procedures were successful; yielding a high success rate of 95.2% Osseo integrated dental Implants,
regardless of the techniques used in the 93 sinus lift procedures. In some cases, the sinus membrane was perforated which was either
sutured or covered with a membrane barrier, depending on the size of the defect.
Conclusion: The result of our research further authenticate the previously documented studies and proves that Sinus lift is a highly
dependable technique and guarantees higher rate of success in both delayed or immediately placed dental implants.
Keywords: Closed Sinus Lift; Osseo Integration; Dental Implants
Research Article
Volume 3 Issue 9
Oral Manifestations, DMFT Index and Medical Profile in HIV/AIDS
Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study
Wilber Edison Bernaola-Paredes, Caroline José Luiz, Marina Veronese Martello, Valdener Bella Filho,
Michele Gassen Kellermann and André Guollo
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Introduction: The HIV retrovirus compromises the individual's immune system, leading to a systemic condition that is vulnerable
to opportunistic infections and pathological processes. Highly Active Antiretroviral therapy (HAART) decreases the HIV viral load
and increases CD4 cell count, resulting in less frequent opportunistic infections. As regards examination of dental status, only a few
studies available have been conducted in the Brazilian population.
Purpose: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of oral lesions and DMFT index in patients with HIV.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive observational study, conducted in the Supportive and Specialized Care Service in
HIV/AIDS - Chapeco/Santa Catarina (SC), Brazil, and based on oral evaluation (soft tissues and teeth) in patients over 18 years of age
who agreed to participate in the study. We evaluated 28 patients, with a mean age of 40 years, predominantly male (61%).
Results: Ten patients (35.7%) had oral lesions, including melanocytic pigmentation (N = 1), leukoedema (N =3), oral syphilis (N = 1),
nonspecific ulcer (N = 1), nicotinic stomatitis 2), prosthetic stomatitis (N = 1), and extra-nodal lymphoma (N = 1); the mean DMFT
value found was 10 (range 0 to 22).
Conclusion: Based on the results of this study population, it was possible to conclude a high prevalence of oral lesions and the result
of the DMFT lower than the mean for the age group in the state of SC, Brazil.
Keywords: Oral Manifestations; Dental Caries; HIV Seropositivity; Prevalence; Virus Infections
Review Article
Volume 3 Issue 9
Dental Home - An Imperative Practice Elapsed
Sowndarya Gunasekaran, Shanthala BM, George Babu and Vidhya Vijayan
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The dental home is inclusive of all characteristics of oral health that result from the interface of the patient, parents, non-dental
professionals and dental professionals. Establishment of the dental home is initiated by the identification and interface of these
individuals, resulting in a heightened awareness of all issues impacting the patient’s oral health and it embraces the importance of
early intervention with optimal preventive strategies chosen based on the risk of the patient and would encourage the first dental
visit by approximately six year of age.
Keywords: Dental Home; Anticipatory Guidance; Preventive Dentistry; Risk Assessment; Infant Oral Health
Research Article
Volume 3 Issue 9
Titanium Bases in Implant Dentistry: A Comprehensive Narrative Review
Luis Gabriel Ladino, Angy Sanabria and Michael Cruz
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Different materials have been used to develop abutments including titanium, that has shown excellent mechanical properties,
however, in some cases aesthetics may be compromised. The titanium bases were developed to improve upon the disadvantages
previously mentioned. The purpose of this narrative review was to describe the different kinds of titanium bases and their
management in implant dentistry restorations. This review was done by performing a search up to May 2020 in the following
databases: PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar and LILACS and a total of 454 articles were found. After reading the abstract and title
and full text, seventeen articles (n = 17) were included in the review. The reviewed literature assessed the use of titanium bases
regarding its surface topography and their luting protocol, also whether does not interfere with the health of the tissues surrounding
the implant, mechanical and aesthetic properties. Titanium bases are a predictable alternative in screw-retained or cement-retained
implant restorations, the benefits in terms of aesthetics in the anterior region could be high.
Keywords: Dental Implants; Implant Abutment; Titanium Base, Implant Dentistry, Review
